Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Николай Иванович Пирогов; 25.11.1810 – 5.12.1881) was a renowned Russian surgeon, "The father of Russian field surgery" and "The father of Russian topography anatomy", scientist, professor of surgery, publicist and author. Pirogov promoted surgical anaesthesia in Russian Empire, was the first who describe some negative effects and possible complications of general anaesthesia. He was one of the first in the world introducing ether anaesthesia on the battlefield.

Dominique-Jean Larrey (8 July 1766 — 25 July 1842), the legendary chief surgeon of Napoleon’s Grand Armée. His contemporaries remembered him as a brilliant surgeon, a talented physician, and a fearless man with a kind heart, for whom the fates of his patients were more important than his own life! He was inventor of the “flying medical carriages” (ambulances volantes) and wound triage system—treating the wounded victims based on the severity of their injuries and probability of medical outcome, rather than on military rank or nationality. Napoleon himself called Larrey “the most virtuous man I have ever known” a. Today, he is honored as the father of emergency medical care and modern military medicine—a man whose legacy continues to save lives on battlefields and in ambulances. 

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (26.09.1849 – 27.02.1936), Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize winner.

Kushnerev Ivan Nikolayevich (24.11.1827-10.02.1896)– Russian writer and publisher, the son of a poor noble landowner. The Partnership I. N. Kushnerev and Co. publishing house, founded in Moscow in 1871, was one of the largest and best-known publishing houses of pre-revolutionary Russia. The house published a wide range of fiction and specialised literature, including medical works of Nikolay Pirogov and Ivan Pavlov.