Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Николай Иванович Пирогов; 25.11.1810 – 5.12.1881) was a renowned Russian surgeon, "The father of Russian field surgery" and "The father of Russian topography anatomy", scientist, professor of surgery, publicist and author. Pirogov promoted surgical anaesthesia in Russian Empire, was the first who describe some negative effects and possible complications of general anaesthesia. He was one of the first in the world introducing ether anaesthesia on the battlefield.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (26.09.1849 – 27.02.1936), Russian and Soviet experimental neurologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize winner.

Kushnerev Ivan Nikolayevich (24.11.1827-10.02.1896)– Russian writer and publisher, the son of a poor noble landowner. The Partnership I. N. Kushnerev and Co. publishing house, founded in Moscow in 1871, was one of the largest and best-known publishing houses of pre-revolutionary Russia. The house published a wide range of fiction and specialised literature, including medical works of Nikolay Pirogov and Ivan Pavlov.