The company, Shepard & Dudley NY, established by instrument makers in New York, operated from 1870 to the late 1890s. The company Shepard and Dudley did not manufacture instruments during or prior to the Civil War, they were producers of surgical sets for civilian purposes post-war. 

Columbia Dentoform, established in 1917 by Ben Spitzer, a Columbia University Engineering School graduate, began as the Columbia Dental and X-Ray Company in Manhattan, New York. Initially, the company provided x-ray equipment for dental offices and sold articulators and attachments to dental laboratories. Ben Spritzer In 1917, it introduced metal typodonts—his first phantoms for dental teaching and practice. Today, as part of the DentalEZ family of brands, Columbia Dentoform continues to develop and provide high-quality simulation products, maintaining its commitment to improving the instructional process and learning experience for dental students globally.