Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann or Matthäus Gottfried Purrmann (1648–1711), Silesian surgeon and city doctor (Stadt-Physicus) of Breslau. He is known for his detailed study of moxibustion, in 1668, he performed the first in Germany blood transfusion from a lamb to a human (xenotransfusion), and was very active author of German-language surgical manuals.

Åsmund S. Lærdal (Asmund S. Laerdal), a Norwegian entrepreneur and humanitarian, made significant contributions to emergency medical care by creating Resusci Anne, the first realistic CPR training manikin, in 1960. Laerdal's work revolutionized resuscitation training and later entire medical education. He founded Laerdal Medical, a company that continues to innovate in medical simulation, helping millions worldwide learn life-saving skills and reducing fatalities from emergencies.