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Purmann, Matthaeus Gottfried

Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann (* 28. März 1648 in Lüben, Silesia; † 27. Mai 1711 in Breslau, Bohemia; also know as Matthäus or Matthias Purrmann) was a Silesian surgeon and city physician in Breslau, active in the second half of the 17th century. He took part in numerous military campaigns in Pomerania, including during the sieges of Wolgast, Anklam, Demmin, Stettin, Greifswald, Stralsund, and the capture of the island of Rügen, where he gained a wealth of practical experience. As a city doctor in Breslau, he fought the plague epidemic and nearly died. He authored numerous books in German on the treatment of combat wounds and various injuries, leaving a significant written legacy and two remarkable contributions to medicine.

Breslau

City view of Breslau in the times of Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann. Engraving by Matthäus Merian (1593-1650), published at the "Topographia Germaniae — Topographia Bohemiae Moraviae et Silesiae" (1650). Source: wikipedia

 

He is known for his detailed study of moxibustion, a therapeutic method of burning dried mugwort (moxa) on particular points on the body which he described in his 1692 work "Grosser und gantz neugewundener Laubeer-Krantz oder Wund-Artzney". His subsequent experience, documented in publications from 1699 and 1710, indicates that Purrmann had, by those years, accumulated the most extensive practical knowledge of this new therapy among all European physicians.

moxibustion moxa therapy

Moxibustion by Li Tang, Song dynasty. Source: wikipedia

 

Purmann is also noted for his role in the history of blood transfusion. In 1668, he performed the first in Germany blood transfusion from a lamb to a human (xenotransfusion). This procedure took place one year after the world's first such transfusion by Jean-Baptiste Denis in France. However, after numerous unsuccessful attempts conducted between 1668 and 1692, he concluded that "transfusion surgery" had no place in military surgery. He did not publish the results of his animal-to-human blood transfusions.

Blood transfusion ("Chirurgia Transfusoria" — Transfusional Surgery). Engraving on the sheet between pages 968 and 969 from the "Grosser und gantz Neu-gewundener Lorbeer-Krantz, Oder Wund-Artzneÿ", edition 1722, publishing Leipzig, Franckfurth. Copy from the Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen

 

Printed works (chronologically sorted)

  • Der rechte und wahrhafftige Feldscher / oder / Die rechte und warhafftige Feldschers-Kunst. First edition by Hynitzsch in Halberstadt 1680. Later: ibid 1682; Frankfurt/Leipzig 1690, 1693, 1708; Jena 1705, 1721. (Full Text of the 1st edition in PDF from Deutschen Textarchiv)

  • Kurtze Doch Grund-richtige Anweysung/ Wie man alle Arten der bösen und gifftigen pestilentzischen Drüsen/ Beulen/ Carbunckel und Apostemata, nach deren Ursprung und Ansehen recht erkennen und unterscheiden ... Purmann, Mattheus Gottfried. Franckfurt am Maeyn, Hynitzsch, 1680 (Full-Text in PDF, from the Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen)

  • Der aufrichtige und erfahrene Pest-Barbierer. Halberstadt 1683; Frankfurt/Leipzig 1690, 1705, 1708; Liegnitz 1705, 1715, 1721; Breslau 1738.

  • Matthaei Gottofredi Purmanni Chirurgischer Lorbeer-Krantz : oder Wund-Artzney ; in drey Theil und 86 Capittel abgetheilet ; darinnen alle und iede Wund-Aertzte aufs beste und vergnüglichste sehen können, was bey ieder Verwund- und Verletzung des gantzen menschlichen Leibes, auch Schäden, Fisteln, Geschwülste, Verrenckungen, Beinbrüche etc. müsse gebrauchet und angewendet werden. Hynitzsch, Halberstadt 1684 (Full-Text of 1722 edition from Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen)

  • Neu herausgegebener Chirurgischer Lorbeerkrantz, oder große Wund-Artzney. Halberstadt 1684, 1685; Frankfurt 1692, 1705; Breslau 1705, Liegnitz 1722.

  • Anweisung pestilentialische Brüche zu kennen und zu curiren. Leipzig 1686.

  • Fünfundzwanzig sonder- und wunderbare Schusswunden-Curen. Breslau 1687.

  • Grosser und gantz neugewundener Lorbeer-Krantz oder Wund-Artzney. Frankfurt/Leipzig 1692, 1704; Frankfurt/Leipzig 1722. (Full-Text of the 1722 edition from Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen)

  • Fünfzig sonder- und wunderbare Schußwundencuren. Frankfurt/Leipzig, 1693; Franckfurt/Leipzig/Liegnitz/Jena 1703; Liegnitz 1703; Frankfurt 1721. (Full-Text in PDF, edition 1703, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen)

  • Matthaei Gothofredi Purmanni Ausführlicher Unterricht und Anweisung, wie die Salivation-Cur nach allen Umbständen und Vortheilen auffs beste und sicherste vorzunehmen : damit der gebührende Nutzen und gewünschte Hilffe darauff folgen möge. Rohrlach, Franckfurt 1694 (Full Text in PDF format from the Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf)

  • Chirurgia curiosa. Frankfurt/Leipzig 1699, 1716, 1739.

  • Curiöse Chirurgische Observationes. Liegnitz 1710

 

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PICTURES

Part of the title from the book "Fünfzig sonder- und wunderbare Schußwundencuren..." Frankfurt/Leipzig, 1693 by Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann (1648–1711)
Part of the title from the book "Fünfzig sonder- und wunderbare Schußwundencuren..." Frankfurt/Leipzig, 1693 by Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann (1648–1711)
Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann, engraving of the 1722 from the book "Grosser und gantz Neu gewundener Lorbeer Krantz oder Wund-Artzney"
Matthaeus Gottfried Purmann, engraving of the 1722 from the book "Grosser und gantz Neu gewundener Lorbeer Krantz oder Wund-Artzney"

More info

  1. Matthäus Gottfried Purmann, article in wikipedia, in German
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ARTICLES

The frontpiece of Purmann's book
Origin of Blood Transfusion — Chirurgia Infusoria

Despite extensive research into the history of blood transfusion, the earliest steps in the field of haemotransfusion are sometimes interpreted differently and historical priorities are assessed differently. This article summarizes the main milestones and the most influenced inventors (William Harvey, Richard Lower, Jean-Baptiste Denis, Guglielmo Riva, Matthaeus Purmann, James Blundell, Karl Landsteiner) of the so-called Chirurgia Infusoria and provides references to primary sources.

See also

Ambroise Paré, fragment of the engraving portrait dated 1582. Credit: Bibliothèque Interuniversitaire de Santé, Paris. Paré ,Ambroise

France , 1510 - 1590

Bartisch Georg (1535-1607) Bartisch ,Georg

Germany , 1535 - 1607

Lorenz Heister German surgeon and anatomist 18 century Heister ,Lorenz

Germany , 1683 - 1758

Nikolay Pirogov painted by Ilya Repin in 1881 Pirogov ,Nikolay Ivanovich

Germany , 1810 - 1881

The field-surgeon performing leg's amputation. Illustration from the Feldtbuch Der Wundarzney by Hans von Gersdorff. Source: The Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard School of Medicine, USA Gersdorff ,Hans von

France , 1455 - 1529

Asmund Laerdal with a Resusci Anne manikin Lærdal ,Åsmund

Norway , 1913 - 1981

Georges de La Faye (1699-1781), source: wikimedia La Faye ,Georg de

France , 1699 - 1781