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Trepanation by Andrea Della Croce. AI-imagination based on the engraving from the Chirurgiae Ioannis Andreae a Cruce ... libri septem, 1573
Croce, Giovanni Andrea Della

Giovanni Andrea Della Croce (1515–1575), Italian Renaissance surgeon, neurosurgeon and traumatologist. Venetian surgeon published his landmark seven-volume surgical compendium in Latin (1573) and Italian (1574), bringing cutting-edge knowledge to physicians and barber-surgeons alike. Grounded in battlefield experience and rich in illustration, his work transformed surgery from a craft into a teachable science — earning him comparison with France's Ambroise Paré.