Georg Bartisch (1535–ca.1607), famous German barber-surgeon, founder of modern ophthalmology.  Oculist, barber-surgeon, urologist, author of Ophthalmodouleia

Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov (Russian: Николай Иванович Пирогов; 25.11.1810 – 5.12.1881) was a renowned Russian surgeon, "The father of Russian field surgery" and "The father of Russian topography anatomy", scientist, professor of surgery, publicist and author. Pirogov promoted surgical anaesthesia in Russian Empire, was the first who describe some negative effects and possible complications of general anaesthesia. He was one of the first in the world introducing ether anaesthesia on the battlefield.

Lorenz Heister, an 18th-century prominent German surgeon, Professor of Anatomy and Surgery at the University of Altdorf, Germany. He authored influential books translated into multiple languages, leaving a lasting impact on medical education, including famous "Chirurgie, in welcher alles was zur Wund Artzney gehöret, nach der neuesten und besten Art, gründlich abgehandelt wird." translated in all main European languages.

Ambroise Paré (1510-1590), considered to be 'père de la chirurgie française' (father of French surgery).

Giovanni Alessandro Brambilla, Baron di Carpiano(San Zenone al Po, April 15, 1728 – Padua, July 30, 1800, was a great Italian and Austrian surgeon, Court Surgeon of the Emperor Joseph II, founder and the first director of the Military Medicine-Surgical Academy Josephinum, Vienna, Austria

Joseph-Frédéric-Benoît Charrière. Famous medical instruments manufacturer and inventor, Charrière was born 19th of March 1803, in Cerniat, canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. Charrière would emerge as a pivotal figure in the realm of surgical instrumentation of the early 19th century, leaving a legacy that transcends time and continues to influence modern medicine. He is known as an inventor of "French gauge", manufacturer numerous innovative instruments. A number of distinguished European instrument makers were his apprentices.

Joseph-Frédéric-Benoît Charrière. Famous medical instruments manufacturer and inventor, Charrière was born 19th of March 1803, in Cerniat, canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. Charrière would emerge as a pivotal figure in the realm of surgical instrumentation of the early 19th century, leaving a legacy that transcends time and continues to influence modern medicine. He is known as an inventor of "French gauge", manufacturer numerous innovative instruments. A number of distinguished European instrument makers were his apprentices.